Q: comput: What is the tendency in the participation of software costs in the cost of a computer system?
A: increase

Q: comput: What is the tendency in the costs of software development in relation to performance?
A: they are decreased at the cost of performance

Q: comput: Which software can usually be written faster: system or application?
A: application

Q: comput: What is a theorem?
A: any formula derived from axioms

Q: comput: What is the name of science interested in assessment of software parameters (e.g. cyclomatic complexity)?
A: software metrics

Q: comput: What is a proof?
A: sequence of formulas derived from premises (using the inference rules and arriving to the proven formula)

Q: comput: What is the name of the software assessment criteria such as speed and memory usage?
A: performance

Q: comput: What is the relation of logic and control in conventional programs?
A: intertwined

Q: comput: What does deduction consist in?
A: deriving theorems from axioms

Q: comput: What is optimization?
A: minimization of the objective function in the feasible region

Q: comput: What trend changes the performance of software?
A: performance is lost to gain higher reliability

Q: comput: What is orthogonality in programming languages?
A: particular structures are applied/interpreted in similar ways

Q: comput: What is the main application of abduction reasoning?
A: Expert Systems (medical diagnosis)

Q: comput: What is artificial intelligence?
A: study of mental faculties by means of computational models

Q: comput: What does induction consist in?
A: generalization of individual observations

Q: comput: What is computation?
A: sequence of instantaneous descriptions (e.g. state of a Turing Machine and the state of the tape is an instantaneous description)

Q: comput: What are theories?
A: sets of assertions/theorems

Q: comput: What is an alphabet?
A: finite set of symbols

Q: comput: What is cohesion in software engineering?
A: interactions within a module

Q: comput: What is the name of the identification of users when they log in?
A: authentication

Q: comput: What are embedded computer systems?
A: such that are part of a greater system (e.g. a missal)

Q: comput: What is the name of rules used in deduction?
A: inference rules

Q: comput: What was the worst effect of a software error in the US defense systems?
A: start-up of nuclear retaliation procedures

Q: comput: What operating system was developed by Linus Torvalds?
A: Linux

Q: comput: What is the name of theory based on the formula: Value=sum(Probab(I),Value(I))?
A: decision theory

Q: comput: What is the name of formulas stored in a knowledge base?
A: assertions

Q: comput: How many gigabytes are there in a terabyte?
A: thousand

Q: comput: What is software performance?
A: efficient use of hardware resources (speed and memory usage)

Q: comput: What is the name of a set of strings over an alphabet?
A: language

Q: comput: What is the name of the ability of a system to continue in case of minor faults?
A: fault tolerance

Q: comput: What is a language?
A: set of strings over an alphabet

Q: comput: Moore's Law says that the number of components on a [...] doubles every year (1959-1975)
A: (micro)chip

Q: comput: What are the two most important deduction rules used in modern systems?
A: forward chaining backward chaining

Q: comput: In the case of Gdel's undecidable propositions, the Turing machine would [...]
A: never stop (halting problem)

Q: comput: What is the name of the mathematical theory of competition and cooperation?
A: game theory

Q: comput: What is time complexity?
A: time as a function of the size of data

Q: comput: What are the two forms of software maintenance?
A: remedial adaptive

Q: comput: What are the three kinds of inference?
A: deductionabductioninduction

Q: comput: What is the name of a single event in estimation of probability (e.g. toss of a coin)?
A: trial

Q: comput: What is a nondeterministic Turing machine?
A: it has more than one move to choose in each step

Q: comput: In information theory, the entropy represents our ignorance of the [...] of a system
A: state

Q: comput: The number of yes-no questions needed to pick out a message by binary chop is at most [...] (where N is the number of messages)
A: log2(N)

Q: comput: What is the name of the set of states generated from the initial one in search?
A: search space

Q: comput: What are the two kinds of knowledge?
A: factual inferential

Q: comput: What does the Church thesis say?
A: functions computed by a Turing machine embrace all computable functions

Q: comput: What are the basic programming techniques?
A: imperative (e.g. Pascal, Basic, C) functional (e.g. Lisp) logic (e.g. Prolog) object-oriented (e.g. Delphi, C++)

Q: comput: What is robustness (e.g. of an operating system)?
A: reliability (the harder to crash the greater the robustness)

Q: comput: What is the principle of backward  chaining?
A: if the query is q' and you have (if p q) then propose p' as a subquery

Q: comput: What is repetition replaced with in functional programming?
A: recursion

Q: comput: What are the three elements from which all computer algorithms are assembled?
A: sequence selection/branch repetition/iteration

Q: comput: What is the name of procedures and data encapsulated in one entity in OOP?
A: object

Q: comput: What is the name of a teamwork system  were one person distributes module-writing  among other programmers?
A: Chief Programmer Team (CPT)

Q: comput: What is the Traveling Salesman Problem?
A: visiting all graph nodes at the lowest cost

Q: comput: What is a tautology?
A: formula that can be proven starting with no premises (always true)

Q: comput: Butterfly effect: in chaotic system a minuscule perturbation can have [...] effects
A: large (and unanticipated)

Q: comput: What is the name of procedures encapsulated in an object?
A: methods

Q: comput: Players in zero-sum games have completely [...] interests
A: conflicting/opposite

Q: comput: What are the two parts of knowledge representation systems?
A: knowledge base (factual knowledge) inference engine (inferential knowledge)

Q: comput: Noise Addition in Neural Networks: A practice designed to prevent [...] during back propagation training
A: overlearning

Q: comput: Butterfly effect: in [...] system a minuscule perturbation can have large and unanticipated effects
A: chaotic

Q: comput: What is abstraction in programming languages?
A: information hiding

Q: comput: What are the input data in the search problem?
A: initial state goal state operators

Q: comput: What are objects in OOP?
A: procedures and data encapsulated in one entity

Q: comput: What is a Turing machine?
A: set of tape symbols set of states initial state next-move function

Q: comput: The Goedels Incompleteness Theorem proof consists of constructing within a formal axiomatic system the statement:p = "This statement cannot be [...]"
A: proven (true)

Q: comput: In game theory, nonzero-sum games can be either [...]
A: cooperative or noncooperative

Q: comput: What is the name of the thesis that says that all computable functions can be computed by a Turing machine?
A: Church thesis

Q: comput: What is the name of a finite set of symbols?
A: alphabet

Q: comput: What is the name of the type declaration implied by the identifier?
A: implicit declaration

Q: comput: What are the two kinds of brute force search?
A: depth-first breadth-first

Q: comput: What is the name of the hierarchy of  problems with P and NP at the bottom?
A: polynomial hierarchy

Q: comput: What is the most popular method of  systematic coding?
A: top-down functional decomposition

Q: comput: What is the name of a system whose exact behavior can be predicted (OR)?
A: deterministic system

Q: comput: What is a terabyte?
A: thousand gigabytes (i.e. million megabytes)

Q: comput: What is the name of the theory that extends the game theory by the availability of statistical information about the opponent's strategy?
A: decision theory

Q: comput: What is the name of the operating system written by a Finnish student that is reputedly better than Windows 95 (1997)?
A: Linux

Q: comput: What exemplary events can be described by means of the Poisson distribution?
A: arrival of telephone calls or orders

Q: comput: What is the name of the complexity of the  hardest instance of the problem?
A: worst-case complexity

Q: comput: What is the inside view in OOP?
A: data and methods

Q: comput: What is dynamic typing?
A: type of a variable can change at run-time

Q: comput: What is functional decomposition?
A: top-down specification of functions of software modules

Q: comput: What distribution describes random arrival of telephone calls?
A: Poisson distribution

Q: comput: In [...](strategy), the problem solver compares the present situation with the goal, detects a difference between them, and then searches for actions to reduce it
A: means-ends analysis

Q: comput: What is the name of the sum of all bytes of a transmitted block?
A: checksum

Q: comput: Prisoner's Dilemma: If [...] choose the exploitative alternative, both are punished
A: both players

Q: comput: What is reducibility in problem solving?
A: possibility of solving P1 when the solution to P2 is known

Q: comput: What is the objective function in the  gardening problem?
A: maximizing the profit

Q: comput: What is the name of the span of the validity of a quantifier?
A: scope

Q: comput: Zipf's law applies to market share for software, soft drinks, automobiles, candy bars, and the [...] on pages found on a website
A: traffic (i.e. frequency of hits)

Q: comput: What are stochastic systems?
A: systems whose behavior cannot be predicted

Q: comput: How do you avoid race conditions?
A: use mutual exclusion

Q: comput: What proportion of PCs run Windows (1998)?
A: 90%

Q: comput: In information theory, the entropy represents our [...] of the state of a system
A: ignorance

Q: comput: What is a goal tree?
A: search tree with AND and OR nodes

Q: comput: What are the two kinds of conditional repetitions or iterations?
A: leading decision (WHILE) trailing decision (REPEAT)

Q: comput: What is the name of systems whose exact behavior cannot be predicted?
A: stochastic systems

Q: comput: Which year was Gary Kasparov finally beaten by a computer (in a series of matches)?
A: 1997 (beaten by IBM's Big Blue)(in 1996, Kasparov lost the first game too)

Q: comput: What is the polynomial hierarchy?
A: classification of problems (for their complexity; with P and NP at the bottom)

Q: comput: Are events in the Poisson distribution dependent?
A: no

Q: comput: What is to be found in the gardening  problem?
A: areas for particular crops

Q: comput: What are strongly typed languages?
A: they check types at compile type

Q: comput: What is the best algorithm for using free memory blocks for allocation?
A: first fit

Q: comput: How many megabytes are there in a terabyte?
A: million

Q: comput: What is the text equivalent of CD-ROM storage capacity?
A: 250,000 type-written pages

Q: comput: What elements constitute the language of Predicate Calculus?
A: constants, variables, and functionspredicates and connectives quantifiers

Q: comput: What are the two worlds in object oriented programming?
A: inside view outside view

Q: comput: What should coupling and cohesion be in structured programming?
A: minimum coupling maximum cohesion

Q: comput: What is coupling in software engineering?
A: interactions between modules

Q: comput: Is it possible to write a program that would check if other programs would loop?
A: no

Q: comput: Can functions be nested in standard Fortran?
A: no

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!P(r) - probability of r successesr - number of successes... - average number of successes in unit time
A: a

Q: comput: What is the codomain of the next-move function in Turing machines?
A: state x symbol x move (new state, new symbol and L-R-S)

Q: comput: What is going to be the source of wealth and power in the Information Age?
A: access to information

Q: comput: What is a partial function?
A: some combinations of parameters do not yield a result

Q: comput: What is fault tolerance?
A: ability of systems to continue in case of errors

Q: comput: What is the main factor that determines the cost of software?
A: salaries/labor

Q: comput: What is an example of a stochastic system (OR)?
A: admissions to hospital

Q: comput: How is the change of a variable type at run-time called?
A: dynamic typing

Q: comput: Who was the father of the game theory?
A: John von Neumann (in the 1920s)

Q: comput: The formula for ... distribution:              -a       r            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!
A: Poisson

Q: comput: What is an implicit declaration?
A: type declaration implied by the identifier

Q: comput: When is an AND node of a goal tree solved?
A: when all its children are solved

Q: comput: What are deterministic systems?
A: systems of predictable behavior

Q: comput: If you know what the conclusion might be, or have some specific hypothesis to test, forward chaining systems may be [more/less] efficient
A: less

Q: comput: How are stochastic systems analyzed?
A: by their average behavior

Q: comput: What is the name of the function necessary to guide search?
A: state-evaluation function (s.e.f.)

Q: comput: What is the name of the part of a procedure that is sensitive to race conditions?
A: critical section

Q: comput: What is the BRANCH operation in branch and bound?
A: splitting the search space into subdivisions

Q: comput: In information theory, the [...] represents our ignorance of the state of a system
A: entropy

Q: comput: What is the objective function in the transportation problem?
A: minimize the cost of transport (from sources to destinations)

Q: comput: What is the name of the top-down specification of functions of particular  modules?
A: functional decomposition

Q: comput: What class of function can be computed by Turing and RAM machines?
A: partial recursive functions

Q: comput: What is the principle of abduction?
A: from (if p q) and q' infers p' (which indeed is not a valid derivation)

Q: comput: For complexity O(2^n), what is the size of the problem solved on a computer that is 10 times faster?
A: s+3 (where s is the initial size)

Q: comput: What method is used in solving problems of linear programming?
A: Simplex method

Q: comput: What is the relation of logic and control in logic programs?
A: only logic is specified by the programmer

Q: comput: What is the class P of problems?
A: solved by DTM in polynomial time

Q: comput: What is the principle of forward chaining?
A: from p' and (if p q) infers q'

Q: comput: What exemplary language does not provide scoping?
A: Basic (in its original form)

Q: comput: What exemplary language uses untyped pointers?
A: C

Q: comput: Neural Networks are capable of predicting new observations (on specific variables) from other observations (on the same or other variables) after executing a process of so-called [...]
A: learning from existing data

Q: comput: What is space complexity?
A: usage of memory as the function of the size of data

Q: comput: What is the name of programming in which the flow of control does not have to be taken into account (e.g. as in Prolog)?
A: logic programming

Q: comput: What is the domain of the next-move function in Turing machines?
A: State x TapeSymbol

Q: comput: In the case of Gdel's undecidable [...], the Turing machine would never stop (the "halting problem")
A: propositions

Q: comput: What is the name of functions f1 and f2 such that there exist polynomials p1 and p2 that f1<=p1(f2) and f2<=p2(f1)
A: polynomially related functions

Q: comput: How do objects communicate in object oriented programming?
A: by passing messages

Q: comput: In which exemplary problems can goal trees be applied?
A: theorem proving parsing playing games, etc.

Q: comput: What is an important feature of the three structures of structured programming?
A: one entry - one exit

Q: comput: What exemplary language applies implicit declaration?
A: Fortran/Basic

Q: comput: What are the three basic parsing  techniques?
A: bottom-up top-down mixed-mode

Q: comput: What exemplary language is functional?
A: Lisp

Q: comput: What is the name of science interested in how people generate and understand language?
A: psycholinguistics

Q: comput: What is the simplest way of preventing deadlocks (not recommended)?
A: detection and recovery

Q: comput: Two ways to look at any Prolog rule: as a declarative statement, or as a [...] statement about how to do something
A: procedural

Q: comput: What is a total function?
A: all combinations of parameters yield exactly one result

Q: comput: The claim that recursive [...] exhaust the class of all functions that are effectively calculable is known as Church's thesis
A: functions

Q: comput: What does the general resolution rule assert?
A: from (not m') and (or n m) infers n'

Q: comput: What is the class NP of problems?
A: problems solved by NDTM in polynomial time

Q: comput: What are the two forms of abstraction in structured programming?
A: data abstraction procedural abstraction

Q: comput: What is the difference between Moore and Mealy automata?
A: in Moore automata, output depends only on the state

Q: comput: What is the precursor of object oriented languages?
A: Smalltalk

Q: comput: Prisoner's Dilemma: If both players choose the [...] alternative, both are punished
A: exploitative

Q: comput: Is the traveling salesman problem NP-complete?
A: yes

Q: comput: In what country was the Linux operating system written (by a student)?
A: Finland

Q: comput: What is the name of the fact that a+b  has always the same value in functional programming?
A: referential transparency

Q: comput: What is the principle of Huffman coding?
A: frequent characters are coded by shorter bit strings

Q: comput: What is the interpretation of baud rates separated by a slash (modems)?
A: transmission/receiving rate

Q: comput: Which component of a portable computer uses most energy?
A: display

Q: comput: There are [...](number) programmers in the US (2001)
A: 2 million

Q: comput: What classes of problems form the bottom of the polynomial hierarchy?
A: P and NP

Q: comput: What are the two interpretations of the nondeterministic Turing machine?
A: parallel moves guessing best moves

Q: comput: What is the precondition for approximating the binomial distribution with the Poisson distribution?
A: large number of trials (large n) low probability of success (low p)

Q: comput: In the case of Gdel's undecidable propositions, the Turing machine would never stop, and this became known as the "[...]"
A: halting problem

Q: comput: What is multiple inheritance?
A: object can inherit attributes from more than one class

Q: comput: What is an automaton?
A: set of states input alphabet output alphabet transition function output function

Q: comput: What is the name of the ability to solve problem P1 in case of knowing the way of solving P2?
A: reducibility (of P1 to P2)

Q: comput: There are two ways to look at any Prolog rule - as a declarative statement about [...], or as a procedural statement about how to do something
A: what is true

Q: comput: What does the satisfiability problem consist in?
A: is a given boolean expression satisfiable

Q: comput: What are the three basic concepts of imperative programming? (absent from functional programming)
A: variable assignment repetition

Q: comput: What is the usual way of solving the Traveling Salesman Problem?
A: branch and bound

Q: comput: Why cannot GPS be generally used (General Problem Solver)?
A: local improvements do not ensure global success

Q: comput: What is an example of a linear programming problem?
A: gardening problem

Q: comput: What is the Bound operation in the branch and bound method?
A: clipping unpromising branches

Q: comput: The GNU project was started in 1984 by Richard [...], a researcher at MIT's Artificial Intelligence labs
A: Stallman

Q: comput: What are the two basic criteria of software performance?
A: speed performance memory performance

Q: comput: What is the name of the complexity of an average instance of the considered problem?
A: expected-case complexity

Q: comput: In [...] theory, the entropy represents our ignorance of the state of a system
A: information

Q: comput: What is the average productivity of a programmer (all stages from specification to documentation)(industrial standard)?
A: 20 statements per day

Q: comput: ANN is also referred to as parallel distributed [...]
A: processing

Q: comput: What does GPS stand for?
A: General Problem Solver

Q: comput: Why can a neural network recognize a face that is partly hazy?
A: firing of a subset of the cell assembly may activate the output

Q: comput: What does the Poisson distribution express in the arrival of telephone calls?
A: probability of r calls in unit time

Q: comput: Does software fail more often than  hardware?
A: no (3 times less often - 1987)

Q: comput: What is the name of the automaton that does not produce output?
A: semiautomation

Q: comput: What are the examples of NP-complete  problems?
A: traveling salesman satisfiablity clique

Q: comput: When is a goal tree solved?
A: when its root is solved

Q: comput: In critical path analysis, the critical path is that path whose all events are critical (i.e. leave no float [...])
A: time

Q: comput: What is the name of the science of  computational aspects of using language?
A: computational linguistics

Q: tp: What exemplary languages are  block-structured?
A: Pascal/Ada

Q: comput: What is the name of the problem of finding the shortest way of visiting all nodes in a graph?
A: Traveling Salesman Problem

Q: comput: What distributions can be used to approximate the binomial distribution for a large number of trials?
A: Poisson (also: normal distribution)(only for a very large number of trials)

Q: comput: What are the general principles of the empiricist algorithm?
A: generalization and specialization

Q: comput: What is the name of linking library routines at run time?
A: dynamic linking

Q: comput: What is the cost of Linux operating system?
A: free (available via the Internet)

Q: comput: What is the order of magnitude of the time needed to access memory?
A: nanoseconds

Q: comput: What is the industry standard for software reliability (1992)?
A: 1 bug per 1000 lines of code

Q: comput: What is the name of inheritance from more  than one class in OOP?
A: multiple inheritance

Q: comput: What group of software products showed the greatest increase in sales in 1990?
A: word processors (90% increase)

Q: comput: In 1997, Big Blue (an IBM computer) beat the chess champion ...(name) for the first time in history
A: Gary Kasparov

Q: comput: What data describe sources in the transportation problem?
A: cargo outputlocation

Q: comput: Kolmogorov Complexity: A truly random string is not significantly compressible; its description [...] is within a constant offset of its length
A: length

Q: comput: What is the name of machines offering file systems to remote computers?
A: file servers

Q: comput: What is the basic programming instrument in functional languages?
A: combining functions

Q: comput: Why cannot ISDN run over ordinary phone lines?
A: it requires 4 wires (not 2 as in most old telephone installations)

Q: comput: What proportion of homes in the US had a PC in 1998?
A: 45% (33% in 1992)

Q: comput: Does Fortran support recursion?
A: no (in its original shape)

Q: comput: When was Chomsky's hierarchy established?
A: 1950s (exactly: 1956)

Q: comput: How often does the number of commercial websites double (1997)?
A: every six months

Q: comput: Is C a strongly-typed language?
A: no

Q: comput: Kolmogorov Complexity. A truly random string is not significantly compressible. We say K(x) = Theta(|x|), which means "K(x) grows [...] the length of x"
A: as fast as / in proportion to

Q: comput: For complexity O(n), what is the size of the problem solved after a 10-fold speed-up?
A: 10s (were s is the initial size)

Q: comput: What is the name of science interested in producing a structural description of language  (parsing techniques neglected)?
A: theoretical linguistics

Q: comput: What are the three constituents of operators in GPS?
A: precondition transformation function differences reduced

Q: comput: What do OR nodes connect in a goal tree of a theorem prover?
A: alternative ways of proving a theorem/lemma (located at the node)

Q: comput: What does the Bayes theorem state?
A: P(d)*P(s|d)P(d|s)= ----------------                  P(s)

Q: comput: What is the most important tool in making a structured program understandable?
A: abstraction (information hiding)

Q: comput: What was considered the greatest mistake of John Sculley at Apple (1983-1993)?
A: starting the Newton line

Q: comput: There are two ways to look at any Prolog rule - as a [...] statement about what is true, or as a procedural statement
A: declarative

Q: comput: What does CBT stand for?
A: Computer Based Training

Q: comput: What is the shortest path problem?
A: finding the shortest way between two nodes in a graph

Q: comput: What was the pessimistic remark of Jim Seymour from PC Magazine on the state of the software industry in 1991?
A: upgrades replaced innovations

Q: comput: When is an OR node of a goal tree solved?
A: when one of its children is solved

Q: comput: If you [do / do not] know what the conclusion might be, or have some specific hypothesis to test, forward chaining systems may be inefficient
A: do

Q: comput: Backward chaining from the [...] state (or on some hypothesized state we are interested in) is what Prolog does
A: goal

Q: comput: Can ISDN run over ordinary phone lines?
A: no (it requires 4 wires, not 2)(most telephone companies in the US install four wires by default however)

Q: comput: Does Basic support recursion?
A: no (in its original shape)

Q: comput: What is the unavoidable cost of a pathway in branch and bound?
A: cost that must be incurred (the real one may be higher)

Q: comput: The claim that [...] functions exhaust the class of all functions that are effectively calculable is known as Church's thesis
A: recursive

Q: comput: The [...] machine has become the foundation of the modern theory of computation and computability
A: Turing

Q: comput: What is the name of moving allocated memory blocks close together?
A: compaction

Q: comput: When did Turing publish his historic article on the Turing machine?
A: 1937

Q: comput: What is the amount of information stored in the Library of Congress (1988)?
A: 25 terabytes

Q: comput: What are the two operations on semaphores?
A: up down

Q: comput: What is programming in operation research?
A: optimization (minimization or maximization)

Q: comput: Prisoner's Dilemma: If [...] choose the trustful alternative, both receive small rewards
A: both players

Q: comput: What are the three basic commands of an inference engine?
A: assert (i.e. add)retract (i.e. delete)query

Q: comput: What is the name of the electronic part of an IO-device?
A: controller

Q: comput: What is a clique?
A: fully connected graph

Q: comput: What is the only inference rule used in logic-based collections?
A: resolution rule

Q: comput: Are events in the Poisson distribution equally likely at all moments?
A: yes

Q: comput: What is the name of the class of problems solved by NDTM in polynomial time?
A: NP

Q: comput: What is the main theorem relating to perceptrons?
A: convergence theorem

Q: comput: What is the name of the class of problems solved by DTM in polynomial time?
A: P

Q: comput: In means-ends analysis, the problem solver compares the [...] with the goal, and detects the difference
A: current state (i.e. the present situation)

Q: comput: What is the name of the programming style that emerges in functional languages?
A: declarative programming

Q: comput: What was the best selling software of 1991?
A: Corel Draw

Q: comput: What spreadsheets were most popular in 1993?
A: 1. Lotus 1-2-3 2. Quattro Pro 3. Excel

Q: comput: What is the name of programming in which  the objective function and constraints are  linear?
A: linear programming

Q: comput: A [...] expert system is an expert system that uses fuzzy membership functions and rules, instead of Boolean logic
A: fuzzy

Q: comput: Solving problems using [...] chaining involves searching through all the possible ways of proving the hypothesis, systematically checking each of them
A: backward

Q: comput: In means-ends analysis, the problem solver compares the present situation with the goal, detects a [...], and then searches memory for appropriate actions
A: difference

Q: comput: What does zero-sum mean in the Minimax Theorem?
A: that the sum of gains (and losses) of all players are zero

Q: comput: How often does information stored in computer accessible resources double (1995)?
A: every 20 months (3.5% growth per month, 50% growth per year)

Q: comput: What is the name of a search tree with OR-nodes and AND-nodes?
A: goal tree

Q: comput: The sales of most popular operating systems in 1997: Win95 - 70%, Win NT - 9%, Win 3.x 7%, Mac 4%, Dos 2%, Unix 1% and OS/2 0.8% (free systems like ... not included).
A: Linux

Q: comput: How are activities represented in the CPA graph?
A: edges

Q: comput: What is the name of the specially privileged user of an operating system?
A: super-user/administrator

Q: comput: What is program transformation?
A: conversion of specification into code

Q: comput: Prisoner's Dilemma: If both players choose the exploitative alternative, [...](outcome)
A: both are punished

Q: comput: What is the name of a function for which all combinations of parameters yield exactly one result?
A: total function

Q: comput: Are there hard disks available as PCMCIA cards?
A: yes

Q: comput: How large a team developed DOS (first versions)?
A: 3 people

Q: comput: What were the text-based programs prognosed to be completely replaced with soon in 1991?
A: GUI

Q: comput: What is the output of syntax analysis?
A: syntax/parse tree

Q: comput: When was Apple created?
A: 1976

Q: comput: When did sales of Windows software surpass the sales of DOS software?
A: 1993 (first quarter - $662:$502 million)

Q: comput: In means-ends analysis, the problem solver compares the present situation with the goal, detects the difference, and then [...] for actions that are likely to reduce it
A: searches (the memory store)

Q: comput: In the years 1992-1993, because of the government's firm action, software piracy in Italy was reduced from ... to 50 percent?
A: 86

Q: comput: Kolmogorov Complexity: A truly random [...] is not significantly compressible. Formally we say K(x) = Theta(|x|) ("K(x) grows as fast as the length of x")
A: string

Q: comput: In 1972, Seymour Cray created Cray Research with the view to constructing ... in existence.
A: the fastest computer

Q: comput: What does PERT stand for in Operation Research?
A: Project Evaluation and Review Technique

Q: comput: What was the theory of functional programming based on?
A: lambda calculus

Q: comput: What is the general principle of the Simplex method?
A: scanning vertices that give the greatest increase in the objective function

Q: comput: What is the name of backtracking that uses the cut?
A: selective backtracking

Q: comput: Why should not computers be turned on and off too frequently?
A: inrush of power stresses the semiconductor components

Q: comput: What is the relation syntax:semantics in the human brain?
A: semantics stand for syntax

Q: comput: What is the pragmatic knowledge?
A: what is the interpretation of a given sentence in a given context

Q: comput: What do edges in the CPA graph represent?
A: activities

Q: comput: What main factor contributed to the failure of Cray Research in 1995?
A: popularization of Massive Parallel Computing (building powerful machines of standard microprocessors)

Q: comput: What is a grammar?
A: start symbol set of terminals set of nonterminals set of productions

Q: comput: What are the efficiency differences between good programmers?
A: 1:20

Q: comput: What is the name of the branch of probability theory that studies arrival-service-departure systems such as turnpike tollbooths, telephone exchanges, etc?
A: queuing theory

Q: comput: Who has developed the Oberon object-oriented operating system (starting with 1985)?
A: Niklaus Wirth (Switzerland)

Q: comput: What is the name of the operation that selects one of its parameters as a result?
A: projection

Q: comput: What is the name of a CPA graph path whose all events are critical?
A: critical path

Q: comput: How are durations of activities specified in PERT?
A: probabilistic distribution (beta-distribution)

Q: comput: What does Linus Torvalds think he is better at than Bill Gates?
A: he has got his bachelor's degree

Q: comput: What is a critical path in the CPA graph?
A: path whose all events are critical (no float time)

Q: comput: What data describe routes in the transportation problem?
A: connections (sources and destinations)costs (of travel)

Q: comput: What is the typical solution to the dangling ELSE problem?
A: ENDIF

Q: comput: What is the function of a planner in artificial intelligence?
A: reducing a task to primitive tasks

Q: comput: What was the reason for the failure of Sinclair QL?
A: lack of compatibility with ZX Spectrum

Q: comput: What kind of search was used in GPS (General Problem Solver)?
A: means-ends analysis

Q: comput: When was Amstrad PC 1512 introduced?
A: 1986

Q: comput: What is the name of the process in which a program specification is converted into efficient code?
A: program transformation

Q: comput: When did a software error start a nuclear retaliation procedure of the US defense?
A: 1980

Q: comput: What is the interpretation of a few edges leading to the same node in the CPA graph?
A: all the activities must be completed before the node is passed

Q: comput: Distance of two bodies of knowledge: The Hamming distance is an unsatisfactory since a picture and its negative have a [minimum/little/high/maximum] Hamming distance
A: maximal

Q: comput: The number of yes-no questions needed to pick out any given message is, at most, log2(N), taking the logarithm to [...] (where N is the number of messages)
A: base two

Q: comput: When does path clipping occur in branch and bound?
A: when the unavoidable cost of a path is worse that the best solution found

Q: comput: In the years ...-1993, because of the government's firm action, software piracy in Italy was reduced from 86 to 50 percent?
A: 1992

Q: comput: In the years ..., because of the government's firm action, software piracy in Italy was reduced from 86 to 50 percent?
A: 1992-1993

Q: comput: How can a function X(x,y) be replaced with a lambda expression?
A: (lambda (x y) definition)

Q: comput: When was ZX81 developed?
A: 1981

Q: comput: What compression algorithm replaces frequent characters with shorter bit-strings?
A: Huffman

Q: comput: What new object-oriented operating system and programming language was developed by Prof. Niklaus Wirth (1993)?
A: Oberon

Q: comput: What operation converts relations into partial functions?
A: operation minimum

Q: comput: What operation should be done while deleting an assertion?
A: finding all justification based on it and deleting corresponding justificands

Q: comput: What is a boolean algebra?
A: 2 constants (e.g. true and false) 3 operations (e.g. AND, OR and NOT) 12 axioms (which have to be true)

Q: comput: What is the name of the theorem that asserts that every finite, zero-sum, two-player game has a minimax value if mixed strategies are allowed (Neumann, 1928)?
A: Minimax Theorem

Q: comput: What is the name of a meeting at which a program is examined step by step by a group of experts?
A: structured walkthrough

Q: comput: What are the input data in the transportation problem?
A: sourcesdestinationsroutes

Q: comput: What is the principle of LZW coding?
A: special characters are used to denote most often encountered strings

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            e   *  a... = ----------                r!r - number of successesa - average number of successes in unit time
A: P(r) (i.e. probability of r successes)

Q: comput: What is the name of derivation rules in a grammar?
A: productions

Q: comput: What is CPA in Operation Research?
A: Critical Path Analysis

Q: comput: Where did Philippe Khan get his knowledge of Pascal?
A: he studied under Wirth

Q: comput: When is programming linear?
A: objective function and constraints are linear

Q: comput: How does Wilfred James interpret the structure of intelligence?
A: pattern recognition + memory

Q: comput: What exemplary problem represents route scheduling class?
A: minimal spanning tree / shortest path / TSP

Q: comput: What are the two stages of HeapSort?
A: 1. sifting the tree from leaves2. sifting the last leave from the top

Q: comput: When was the difference machine II by Charles Babbage constructed?
A: the 1990s (exactly: 1991)

Q: comput: The sales of most popular operating systems in 1997: Win95 - 70%, Win NT - 9%, Win 3.x 7%, Mac 4%, Dos ..., Unix 1% and OS/2 0.8% (free systems like Linux not included).
A: 2%

Q: comput: What is the earliest start time of an event in the CPA graph?
A: earliest time for completing the preceding activities

Q: comput: How does the minimum operation convert  a relation to a partial function?
A: selects the lowest result for a given  parameter combination (if there are more  than one results)

Q: comput: What does the projection operation do?
A: selects one of the parameters

Q: comput: What is the name of the problem of finding the shortest way between two nodes in a graph?
A: shortest path problem

Q: comput: What is the name of grammars that  incorporate semantic feature into the syntax?
A: semantic grammars

Q: comput: What does CD-E stand for?
A: CD erasable (or rewritable)

Q: comput: How can the binomial distribution be approximated with the Poisson distribution?P(r successes in n trials) -> P(r events)
A: a:=pn (a - expected number of successes p - probability of success n - number of trials)

Q: comput: What are the constraints in the gardening problem?
A: availability of resources (e.g. fertilizers, pesticides)

Q: comput: What is the famous example of an expensive comma-period replacement in the code of a program?
A: loss of a Venus probe (Fortran error)

Q: comput: The joint entropy, written H[S, T], says how many questions are needed to figure out messages S and T. Algebra proves that H[S, T] is at most H[S] + H[T], and is lower if the two variables are [...]
A: dependent

Q: comput: What is the name of a diagram used to  represent tasks allocated to particular machines at particular periods of time?
A: Gantt chart

Q: comput: Why are Oberon applications small?
A: they do not link reusable modules

Q: comput: In the years 1992-..., because of the government's firm action, software piracy in Italy was reduced from 86 to 50 percent?
A: 1993

Q: comput: [...] chaining from the goal state is what Prolog does
A: backward

Q: comput: What is the name of the array used by the Simplex method?
A: tableau

Q: comput: What is a proper noun?
A: name (Peter, Rochester)

Q: comput: What is the best known measure of the complexity of a software module by McCabe?
A: cyclomatic complexity

Q: comput: What does the operation Sift do in HeapSort?
A: replaces the parent with the smaller child, and sifts the child

Q: Who proposed that intelligence = memory + pattern recognition?
A: Wilfred James

Q: comput: What are the two basic sorts of automata? (considering the output function)
A: Moore and Mealy

Q: comput: ...(company) has unveiled plans for Blue Gene with 500 times the computing power of today's machines (by 2004)
A: IBM

Q: comput: Set-top boxes allow users to surf the Web through their ... (introduced in 1996)
A: TV

Q: comput: How do you estimate the number of words in a text from its size in characters?
A: divide the size by five

Q: comput: What new technology spells the beginning of the end of traditional internal expansion boards (1995)?
A: PCMCIA cards (credit-card-sized)

Q: comput: What is the name of Microsoft's extension to ISO 9660 format that allows of long filenames on CD-ROM?
A: Joliet

Q: comput: What is the name of linear programming in which solutions are integers?
A: integer programming

Q: comput: What is the name of the problem of finding the shortest network of pipelines connecting all the nodes of a graph?
A: minimum spanning tree

Q: comput: Is the satisfiability problem NP-complete?
A: yes

Q: comput: Who said that computer viruses comply with all requirements for a living organism?
A: Steven Hawkin

Q: comput: What is an example of the definite noun phrase?
A: the red block

Q: comput: How much power does an ordinary PC use (1994)?
A: 90 W (the monitor adds another 100 W)

Q: comput: The sales of most popular operating systems in 1997: ... - 70%, Win NT - 9%, Win 3.x 7%, Mac 4%, Dos 2%, Unix 1% and OS/2 0.8% (free systems like Linux not included).
A: Windows 95

Q: comput: What was the mistake of AI researchers at the beginning of their investigation?
A: underestimating the amount of knowledge needed for intelligent behavior

Q: comput: What are the possible moods of a sentence?
A: declarative interrogative imperative

Q: comput: If one gets 5 telephones a day on average, what is the probability that one will get zero calls on a given day?
A: -5                     -5  0e    ( because: e * 5 / (0!) ) (exp(-5)=0.0067 while P(5)=0.17)

Q: comput: How many copies of various version of Turbo and Borland Pascal have been sold (1995)?
A: around one million

Q: comput: How many software patents have been granted in the US (1992)?
A: 10,000

Q: comput: What grammar describes English?
A: almost a Context-Free grammar

Q: comput: Are complexities of problems solved by Turing and RAM machines polynomially related?
A: yes

Q: comput: What is the suggested limit on the size of a module in structured programming (length of the code)?
A: 1 page of text (40-50 lines)

Q: comput: What is integer programming?
A: linear programming in which solutions are integers

Q: comput: Can Macs read CD-ROMs in ISO 9660 format?
A: yes

Q: comput: What is the main feature of the Concurrent Prolog?
A: unification of literals of a given clause is treated as separate, concurrent processes

Q: comput: How do you compute the cyclomatic complexity of a procedure?
A: count the predicates and add 1

Q: comput: What does DBMS stand for?
A: DataBase Management System

Q: comput: What is the characteristic function of a relation?
A: it yields 1 if a combination of elements belongs to the relation (0 otherwise)

Q: comput: Does (original) Cobol support recursion?
A: no

Q: comput: How fast do hard disks rotate?
A: 60 RPS

Q: comput: What data structure is useful in fetching an object from a catalogue of pictures?
A: discrimination net

Q: comput: What is the minimum spanning tree  problem?
A: finding minimum network connecting all nodes in a graph

Q: comput: What are the three best selling PC software categories (1993)?
A: 1. word processors ($203 m in first quarter 1993)2. spread sheets ($179 m) 3. databases ($164 m)

Q: comput: Two elements useful in depth determination: (vision)
A: stereo disparity texture gradient

Q: comput: What was the price of IBM XT, 128 KB RAM, 10 MB hard disk in 1984?
A: $7000

Q: comput: What is the use of lambda expressions?
A: functions do not have to have names

Q: comput: The field of DNA computing was inaugurated in 1994 by Leonard Adleman who used a tube with strands of DNA to solve a classic puzzle: the ...
A: traveling salesman problem

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!... - probability of r successesr - number of successesa - average number of successes in unit time
A: P(r)

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!P(r) - ...r - number of successesa - average number of successes in unit time
A: probability of r successes

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       ...            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!P(r) - probability of r successesr - number of successesa - average number of successes in unit time
A: r

Q: comput: What is the floppy equivalent of CD-ROM storage capacity?
A: over 400 disks (448 1.45 MB disks)

Q: comput: The sales of most popular operating systems in 1997: Win95 - 70%, Win NT - ..., Win 3.x 7%, Mac 4%, Dos 2%, Unix 1% and OS/2 0.8% (free systems like Linux not included).
A: 9%

Q: comput: What is the name of logic applying  defensible formulas?
A: nonmonotonic logic

Q: comput: What exemplary problems may be solved by means of transformational rules?
A: creation of questions and imperatives / reflexivization / passivization

Q: comput: What is a hypercomputer?
A: parallel computing distributed in a computer network

Q: comput: The sales of most popular operating systems in 1997: Win95 - 70%, Win NT - 9%, Win 3.x 7%, Mac 4%, Dos 2%, Unix ... and OS/2 0.8% (free systems like Linux not included).
A: 1%

Q: comput: Why is OS/2 not portable (1992)?
A: it was written in assembly language

Q: comput: Does Microsoft Visual J++ boast high customer satisfaction?
A: no

Q: comput: What is the name of recursive functions  that use the ineffective operation minimum?
A: partial recursive functions

Q: comput: What does TSS stand for?
A: time sharing systems

Q: comput: What was the basic external storage device in IBM PC (1981)?
A: tape-recorder

Q: comput: What is the principle of the mind-controlled game developed in 1995?
A: brain-wave scans discriminate between happy and sad thoughts

Q: comput: What do AND nodes connect in a goal tree of a theorem prover?
A: various lemmas that have to be proved (to prove a given theorem/lemma located at the node)

Q: comput: When did Corel Draw appear on the market?
A: 1991

Q: comput: What is the most promising non-volatile RAM technology (1996)?
A: flash chips

Q: tech: What is the maximum size of DVD disks?
A: 17 GB (9 GB for single side)

Q: comput: When was ZX Spectrum developed?
A: 1982

Q: comput: What was the size of memory in first IBM PCs (1981)?
A: 16 KB

Q: comput: When was the first IBM PC developed?
A: 1981

Q: comput: The number of transistors on a chip has increased from 29,000 in the [...] in 1978 to 7.5 million in the Pentium in 1998
A: 8086

Q: comput: Why did Lotus 1-2-3 lose to Excel in 1990?
A: because it did not develop a Windows version

Q: comput: There are generally two ways to look at any Prolog rule - as a declarative statement about what is true, or as a procedural statement about [...]
A: how to do something

Q: comput: A fuzzy expert system is an expert system that uses a collection of [...] membership functions and rules (instead of Boolean logic)
A: fuzzy

Q: comput: The number of transistors on a chip has increased from [...] in the 8086 in 1978 to 7.5 million in the Pentium in 1998 ("Business @ The Speed of Thought", Bill Gates, 1999)
A: 29,000

Q: math: In fuzzy logic, apart from having the two truth values "true" (100%T) and "false" (0%T), we alsoacknowledge [...] etc.
A: values in between (such as 10%T, 70%T, etc.)

Q: comput: Microsoft formally threw its hat into the ... (WAP) phone market with the announcement of its Microsoft Mobile Explorer (MME)(1999)
A: Wireless Application Protocol

Q: comput: The first science project earmarked for Blue Gene is to model ...
A: protein folding

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            e   *  ...P(r) = ----------                r!P(r) - probability of r successesr - number of successesa - average number of successes in unit time
A: a

Q: comput: How do you convert a RAM machine into a nondeterministic RAM machine?
A: add an instruction CHOICE(I1,I2,...,In) (where Ii are instructions)

Q: comput: What is the address space for 32-bit flat addresses?
A: 2 GB

Q: comput: How many years did Steve Wozniak work at Apple?
A: 9 (he left in 1985)

Q: comput: In 1993, Intel released the ... chip
A: Pentium

Q: comput: What software error caused a Venus probe to veer off the course?
A: a comma instead of a dot (Fortran DO statement)

Q: comput: What is the difference between NDFA and DFA?
A: in NDFA one input symbol may lead to more than one state

Q: comput: What processor did Intel introduce in 1990?
A: i486

Q: comput: What is the name of magnetic cylinders on a disk or diskette?
A: tracks

Q: comput: When was Prolog developed?
A: at the beginning of 1970s

Q: comput: When was Smalltalk designed?
A: beginning of the 1970s

Q: comput: In July 2000, Microsoft distributed a test version of Visual Studio.Net. The tools package includes updates to VB, VC++ and Visual FoxPro, and the first version of [...]
A: C#

Q: comput: What data describe destinations in the transportation problem?
A: cargo capacity location

Q: comput: The rule systems can be augmented so that we can draw variably certain conclusions: IF has-spots(X)AND has-fever(X) THEN has-measles(X) CF 0.5 (where CF is [...])
A: Certainty Factor

Q: comput: In 1971, Niklaus Wirth developed ...(programming language)
A: Pascal

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            ...   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!P(r) - probability of r successesr - number of successesa - average number of successes in unit time
A: e

Q: comput: What is an instantaneous description in  a DFA as an acceptor?
A: state + unused word

Q: comput: How could the Venus probe be saved (Fortran error)?
A: compile-time checking

Q: comput: When did George Tate start selling dBase?
A: 1979

Q: comput: In ...(year), Seymour Cray created Cray Research with the view to constructing the fastest computer in existence
A: 1972

Q: comput: In means-ends analysis, the [...] compares the present situation with the goal, detects the difference, and then searches for actions to reduce the difference
A: problem solver

Q: comput: DVD video is usually encoded from digital studio master tapes to [...]-2 format
A: MPEG

Q: comput: What kind of languages are suitable for program transformation?
A: functional languages

Q: comput: In 1974, Kildall and [...], formed a company called Intergalactic Digital Research
A: his wife (Dorothy McEwen)

Q: comput: The most powerful computer in the world consists of over 2m separate machines  around the Internet, all running a [...] called SETI@home (2000)
A: screen-saver

Q: comput: ...(company) researchers intend to build the computer with more than 1 million processors to reach one petaflop of power (1999)
A: IBM

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                ...P(r) - probability of r successesr - number of successesa - average number of successes in unit time 
A: r!

Q: comput: The circuitry inside the PC operates at [...]V, such a low voltage induces virtually no stress on the circuitry
A: 5

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!P(r) - probability of r successesr - number of successesa - ...
A: average number of successes in unit time

Q: comput: Can goal trees be transformed to OR-trees?
A: yes

Q: comput: Is the clique problem NP-complete?
A: yes

Q: comput: What is the most famous formal method of program transformation?
A: Vienna Development Method

Q: comput: What is the name of the chip that handles the video RAM?
A: video/graphic controller

Q: comput: How can a grammar be represented by a transitional network?
A: arcs are labeled by terminals

Q: comput: The PalmOS holds an ...% to 13% advantage over Win CE (1999)
A: 80

Q: comput: An example of a strongly typed language that allows of arrays whose size is not known at compile time?
A: Ada

Q: comput: The language C# was developed by a team of [...] researchers in a mere two years
A: four (similar-sized effort for producing the compiler)

Q: comput: What is the name of the method of  structured programming that used data flow charts to map the functions of software?
A: data flow design

Q: comput: What is the main obstacle in applying  semantic grammars more widely?
A: they are extremely difficult to construct

Q: comput: What is the collective name for verbs,  nouns, pronouns, etc.?
A: parts of speech

Q: comput: What does CDE stand for?
A: CD erasable

Q: comput: What is the name of the grammar that  considers possible roles which a NP can play  in a sentence (such as AGENT, THEME, AT,  TO, FROM etc.)?
A: case grammar

Q: comput: What are the intransitive verbs?
A: they allow only of the initial NP (subject)

Q: comput: What is a critical event in the CPA graph?
A: event which has no slack (earliest and latest start times are the same)

Q: comput: By what methods is the transportation  problem solved?
A: linear programming

Q: comput: What does TSL stand for?
A: Test and Set Lock

Q: comput: What is PCI used for?
A: high-performance connection of the motherboard with expansion boards

Q: comput: What is a prepositional phrase?
A: preposition + NP

Q: comput: What is the name of computing the probability of a given semantic interpretation?
A: semantic preference

Q: comput: What does CPT stand for?
A: Chief Programmer Team

Q: comput: What is the passive form of a phrase?
A: subject and object of a transitive verb are swapped

Q: comput: What should the cyclomatic complexity  of a module be (according to McCabe)?
A: no more than 10

Q: comput: Can the best solution of a given pathway have a lower cost than that of the unavoidable  cost in branch and bound?
A: no

Q: comput: What is the definition of VLSI?
A: over 10,000 gates per chip

Q: comput: The sales of most popular operating systems in 1997: Win95 - 70%, Win NT - 9%, Win 3.x 7%, Mac 4%, Dos 2%, Unix 1% and OS/2 ... (free systems like Linux not included).
A: 0.8%

Q: comput: What is the name of the syntax tree before application of transformational rules?
A: deep structure

Q: comput: What is the microkernel idea of an operating system?
A: microkernel plays a traffic cop (passing messages between the components and granting access to hardware)

Q: comput: Should semantics guide the syntax analysis?
A: of course

Q: comput: Are NDFA and DFA equivalent in their ability to accept regular languages?
A: yes

Q: comput: What are the two stages of visual analysis?
A: 1. early processing (creating the intrinsic image) 2. late processing

Q: comput: What is the relative of objects in Ada?
A: packages

Q: comput: Universal Serial [...] (USB)
A: Bus

Q: comput: Where is Simplex method applied?
A: in linear programming

Q: comput: Does Windows NT run on Alpha processors?
A: yes

Q: comput: What is the output function in a Mealy automaton?
A: (state x input) -> output

Q: comput: What are the two inference strategies  differing by their timing?
A: assertion-time inference query-time inference

Q: comput: How much memory can the 386/486 address?
A: 4 GB

Q: comput: What exemplary PPs have no preposition?
A: here, later, home, today

Q: comput: Can an Oberon programmer expand an existing executable application (e.g. a word-processor)?
A: yes

Q: comput: What is the difference in the interpretation of a+b in imperative and functional programming?
A: in imperative programming the value depends on the history of computation

Q: comput: What are the three methods for mutual exclusion in concurrent processing?
A: semaphores monitors messages

Q: comput: What is the efficiency of semantic grammar parsers?
A: not bad

Q: comput: What is the form of productions in regular grammars?
A: nonterminal -> terminal|nonterminal

Q: comput: When was Video for Windows brought about?
A: Nov 1992 (already after the release of Windows 3.1)

Q: comput: What is the latest start time of an event in the CPA graph?
A: latest start time that does not cause the delay of the whole network

Q: comput: What does cyclomatic complexity reflect?
A: number of independent control paths

Q: comput: What is the output function in a Moore automaton?
A: state -> output

Q: comput: What is the name of the ambiguity in the meaning of words?
A: word-sense/semantic ambiguity

Q: comput: What is the Backus' candidate for the next revolution in programming?
A: functional languages

Q: comput: What is the name of strategies based on the fact that good play usually demands the use of purposely randomized behavior?
A: mixed strategies

Q: comput: Does the Minimax Theorem stand for more than two players?
A: no

Q: comput: How many transistors were used in the 8086?
A: 29,000

Q: comput: What are the annual sales of software CDs in units (1994)?
A: 180 million disks

Q: comput: What expressions have dominated genetic programming research?
A: S-expressions (Lisp)

Q: comput: What is stored in the dictionary used in syntax analysis of the natural language?
A: terminals (words) syntactic features

Q: comput: What is an example of a verb complement  as a gerund?
A: go pissing

Q: comput: What is pseudocode?
A: specification written in the program design language

Q: comput: What is Pandemonium?
A: perceptron built from demons

Q: comput: What are the two most popular formal  methods of software design (1988)?
A: Michael Jackson method data flow design

Q: comput: If the time complexity of a given problem  and NDTM is T(n), what is the complexity for  DTM?
A: T(n) O(c )(c - a constant)

Q: comput: What are exemplary PP with two  prepositions?
A: OUT OF the oven

Q: comput: How do you calculate cyclomatic complexity in terms of a DAG?
A: arcs - nodes + 2

Q: comput: What are the principles of the data flow design?
A: mapping the functions of software on data flow chart

Q: comput: What exemplary language uses dynamic typing?
A: Lisp

Q: comput: What do nodes in CPA graph represent?
A: moments in time

Q: comput: What was the average salary of a programmer in the US in 1987?
A: 20,000 dollars (per anum)

Q: comput: What is the name of a repeater unit installed on a telecommunication satellite?
A: transponder

Q: comput: What does PDL stand for?
A: program design language

Q: comput: What is the name of languages with sophisticated scoping?
A: block-structured languages

Q: comput: When does linking occur in Oberon?
A: at loading a module to memory

Q: comput: Why are some Mac applications double in size for PowerPC?
A: because RISC code requires more instructions

Q: comput: How much did AC Markulla invest in Apple on its start in 1976?
A: $3 million

Q: comput: What were floppy disk drives supposed to be completely replaced soon with in 1993?
A: removable hard disks

Q: comput: What three microprocessors were posed to compete in the mid-1990s (1993)?
A: Pentium, PowerPC and Alpha

Q: comput: What compression algorithm replaces strings of the same character with special symbols?
A: LZW

Q: comput: The sales of most popular operating systems in 1997: Win95 - 70%, Win NT - 9%, Win 3.x 7%, Mac ..., Dos 2%, Unix 1% and OS/2 0.8% (free systems like Linux not included).
A: 4%

Q: comput: What is the structure of a word w.r. to morphology?
A: root + affixes

Q: comput: Who demonstrated the equivalence of NDFA and DFA?
A: Rabbin and Scott

Q: comput: What is the capacity of an average CD-ROM?
A: 650 MB

Q: comput: What new famous Apple product debuted in 1993?
A: Newton

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!P(r) - probability of r successes... - number of successesa - average number of successes in unit time
A: r

Q: comput: Who started selling dBase in 1979?
A: George Tate

Q: comput: When was the 80386 developed?
A: 1986

Q: comput: What was the cost of a 486 computer, 2 MB RAM, 40 MB hard disk in 1990?
A: $10,000

Q: comput: When is the application of the Poisson distribution justified for describing events?
A: events are (1) equally likely at each moment (2) independent

Q: comput: In the years 1992-1993, because of the government's firm action, software piracy in Italy was reduced from 86 to ... percent?
A: 50

Q: comput: IBM researchers intend to build the computer Blue Gene with more than ... processors for 1 petaflop of computing power
A: 1 million

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              ...       r            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!P(r) - probability of r successesr - number of successesa - average number of successes in unit time 
A: -a

Q: comput: What is the annual increase in PC sales (1997)?
A: 16%

Q: comput: The formula for Poisson distribution:              -a       r            e   *  aP(r) = ----------                r!P(r) - probability of r successesr - ...a - average number of successes in unit time
A: number of successes

Q: comput: In 1984, ...-baud modems were introduced
A: 2400

Q: comput: What are transitive verbs?
A: they require a second noun phrase (object)

Q: comput: In the server market, Linux sales surged 212 percent in 1998 vs. a ... percent gain for Windows NT (source: International Data Corp)
A: about 30% (exactly: 27.2)

Q: comput: Computer Aided [...](CAV) is becoming popular, and allows us to prove mathematical statements
A: Verification

Q: comput:  Why does it not make sense to write portions of code in assembly for RISC processors?
A: compilers will do a better job (because of daunting complexity)

Q: comput: What are the two elements of Subject-Verb agreement?
A: number person

Q: comput: What is the speed of cable modems as compared to phone modems (1996)?
A: up to 1000 times faster

Q: comput: What is the name of an action which cannot be divided?
A: atomic action

Q: comput: MP3 is a new technology that makes it possible to compress WAV files ...-fold (1997)
A: 10

Q: comput: IBM has unveiled plans for ...(name), a $100 million research project to build a supercomputer with 500 times the computing power of today's machines (by 2004)
A: Blue Gene

Q: comput: Why are semantic grammar parsers quite efficient?
A: because a number of words in a given terminal category is low

Q: comput: MPEG compression was originally designed for use with video but it turned out that [...] (MP3) seemed ideally suited for audio as well
A: MPEG-3

Q: comput: Structured Query Language evolved out of the work by Dr. Codd at [...](company) in the early 1970s
A: IBM

Q: comput: Kolmogorov Complexity: A truly random string is not significantly compressible. Formally we say [...] = Theta(|x|), which means "[...] grows as fast as the length of x"
A: K(x)

Q: comput: In 1983 Apple released the Lisa whose GUI was based on work done at Xerox by [...]
A: Alan Kay

Q: comput: What are the three groups of pins in RS 232?
A: data control timing

Q: comput: What is the size of the Oberon operating system (1995)?
A: less than 200 KB (!)

Q: comput: Why are functional languages suitable for program transformation?
A: strong theory (lambda calculus)

Q: comput: What two revolutionary computers were developed in 1981?
A: IBM PC and ZX81

Q: comput: What is the input in the SPOKEN language analysis system?
A: frequency-energy map

Q: comput: Quantum computers will use particles such as atoms instead of circuits, and they would use the [...] to represent data
A: (atoms') quantum states

Q: comput: How many routes are available for a salesman in a 9-node graph?
A: over 40,000

Q: comput: What is the form of productions in context free grammars?
A: nonterminal -> word

Q: comput: In ...(year), DVD players became available in the US
A: 1997

Q: comput: When was DOS 1.0 developed?
A: 1981

Q: comput: Why did ZX Spectrum gain incredible popularity (1981-1985)?
A: 1. cheap (using ordinary TV sets and tape recorders)2. huge variety of software

Q: comput: When did Atari ST and Commodore Amiga appear on the market?
A: 1985

Q: comput: What proportion of code in Windows 2000 is new as compared with Windows NT 4.0?
A: 80% (25 million lines of new code)

Q: comput: What is the speed of the Pentium in MIPS?
A: 100 (close to 150 for newer models)

Q: comput: How many processors does Intel release in unit time (1998)?
A: 1 per second!

Q: comput: What is the name of the main heuristics applied in image processing?
A: nonaccidental image properties heuristics

Q: comput: ... is a new technology that makes it possible to compress WAV files 10-fold (1997)
A: MP3

Q: comput: Which year was DVD technology standardized?
A: 1995

Q: comput: Can Macs read CD-ROMs in ISO 9660 Joliet format?
A: no

Q: comput: How much did the first TFLOPS computer cost (1996)?
A: about $50 million (9000 Pentium Pro processors)

Q: comput: When were color LCDs introduced?
A: 1991

Q: comput: What is the name of the Java compiler from Microsoft?
A: Visual J++

Q: comput: How many years did Apple take to move from Jobs'es garage to Cupertino?
A: 4 years (until its appearance on stock exchange in 1980)

Q: comput: IBM researchers intend to build Blue Gene to reach the overall ...flop(s) of power (1999)
A: (one) petaflop

Q: comput: IBM has unveiled plans for "Blue Gene," a $100 million research project to build a supercomputer by ...(year)
A: 2004

Q: comput: What is the name of the method of structured programming that maps functions of software on data structures?
A: Michael Jackson method

Q: comput: What was the speed of the fastest supercomputers in 1996?
A: 1 Tflops 

Q: comput: How many different meanings have been  found for the verb GO?
A: 50

Q: comput: Which year did Palm Pilot debut?
A: 1996

Q: comput: How many times was Microsoft bigger than Netscape (1997)?
A: 75

Q: comput: What cost of network computer would make it as popular as the telephone according to Larry Allison (Dec 1997)?
A: $200 (or less)

Q: comput: IBM has unveiled plans for "Blue Gene," able to handle one ...[flops] (1999)
A: petaflop (a million billion floating point operations per second)

Q: comput: When was OLE 1.0 first presented?
A: 1990 (fall Comdex)

Q: comput: When was the 8086 developed?
A: 1978

Q: comput: Why was OS/2 losing to Windows in 1992?
A: it had fewer applications

Q: comput: What was the price of the first ZX Spectrum computers (1982)?
A: $250

Q: comput: IBM has plans for "Blue Gene", a project to build a supercomputer with ... times the computing power of today's machines (2000)
A: 500

Q: comput: In ...(year) set-top boxes allowed users to surf the Web through their TV
A: 1996

Q: comput: What two nonterminals make up a sentence?
A: noun phrase verb phrase

Q: comput: When did Lotus 1-2-3 appear on the market?
A: 1983

Q: comput: What is the compression ratio achieved with JPEG?
A: up to 1 : 100 (lossy compression)

Q: comput: What is the grammatical category of ON, FOR, TO?
A: preposition

Q: comput: How many lines of code does space shuttle software consist of (1990)?
A: 1 million

Q: comput: What is the typical MPEG video compression rate?
A: 1 : 50 (1 : 200 is maximum)

Q: comput: How many more transistors were there in the Pentium as compared with the 486?
A: twice

Q: comput: What is the most popular non-Microsoft application except for Interplay's Solitaire (June 1998)?
A: Quicken (by Intuit)(ahead of RealPlayer from RealNetworks)

Q: comput: How many processors did the first TFLOPS computer include (1996)?
A: 9000 (Pentium Pro)

Q: comput: What was the speed of the fastest computer in 1996?
A: 1 TFLOPS (9000 Pentium Pro processors)

Q: comput: How many transistors are there in the Pentium (1994)?
A: 3 million (the 8086 had 29,000 transistors, i.e. 100 times fewer)

Q: comput: What is the best programming language according to PC World and Byte rankings (1996)?
A: Visual Basic

Q: comput: IBM has unveiled plans for Blue Gene that will be able to handle more than ... operations per second
A: 1 quadrillion (1 petaflop)

Q: comput: What is Apple's participation in the PC market (1997)?
A: 3%

Q: comput: What is the nonterminal for WAS, HAS if  they are not verbs?
A: auxiliary verb

Q: comput: How many times is the Pentium Pro faster than the 8086?
A: 800

Q: comput: What is the name of the new computer line developed jointly by IBM and Apple (1994)?
A: PowerPC

Q: comput: What is the speed of data transfer in ZIP drives?
A: 1.4 MB/sec

Q: comput: LS-120 drive can contain 120 MB of data and read standard ... MB diskettes.
A: 1.4

Q: comput: What is the relative of objects in Modula-2?
A: modules

Q: comput: What is the name of the syntax tree after applying transformational rules?
A: surface structure

Q: comput: What is the name of internal representation based on objects and pointers that define relations?
A: associative/semantic networks

Q: comput: How long a video sequence can be stored on a 1.44 MB diskette with the help of VideoMaker (1993)?
A: 45 sec

Q: comput: What is the name of systems in which many users can work at the same time?
A: time sharing systems

Q: comput: What is the simplest way of interpreting anaphors?
A: history list

Q: comput: Silicon Graphics announced the most powerful computer CRAY T3E-2000 that will be able to produce the computational power of ... (flops)(1998).
A: 2.5 teraflops

Q: comput: What is the difference between RAM and RASP machines?
A: RASP can modify the program stored in memory

Q: comput: What is an atomic formula?
A: literal (predicate and its parameters without connectives)

Q: comput: How many software engineers work on new versions of DOS (1992)?
A: 15

Q: comput: What is the name of the parsing strategy which prefers the minimum number of nodes?
A: minimum attachment strategy

Q: comput: How will PowerPC execute the present DOS software?
A: by means of emulation

Q: comput: What are the three elements of a module that satisfies information hiding principles?
A: data structures access procedures modification procedures

Q: comput: What is the Cray's clock cycle (1990)?
A: 6 ns

Q: comput: What is the language interpretation of a RAM machine program?
A: input-tape language accepted (by 1 on output)

Q: comput: What is an example of an ellipsis?
A: He was killed and she (WAS) wounded.

Q: comput: What is the name of data types that can be directly accessed by the programmer?
A: transparent data types

Q: comput: Do experts predict bright future for the language C (1998)?
A: no

Q: comput: What is the participation of hardware in the cost of computer systems (1987)?
A: 10%

Q: comput: What does VDM stand for?
A: Vienna Development Method

Q: comput: What are the principles of the Michael Jackson method?
A: mapping functions of software on data structures

Q: comput: What is the name of:    THE BOY WHO WAS SLEEPING was woken?
A: subordinate clause

Q: comput: What was the cost of a color laser printer in 1992?
A: $10,000

Q: comput: To what group do degree clauses belong?
A: adjective phrases

Q: comput: What is the functional interpretation of a RAM machine program?
A: function converting the numbers from the input tape to the output number

Q: comput: What are the two elements of texture analysis in visual processing?
A: texture discriminationgradient analysis

Q: comput: How many copies of DOS have been sold 1990-1993?
A: 100 million

Q: comput: How many people used DOS in 1993?
A: 100 m (30 m in 1991; 17 m in 1989)

Q: comput: What exemplary graphic program has a huge picture library on a CD-ROM?
A: Corel Draw (as of version 4.0)

Q: comput: What exemplary strategy is used in human preference parsing?
A: minimum attachment

Q: comput: What does the clique problem consist  in?
A: does a given graph contain a clique (of a given number of vertices)
